工作计划范文|被动语态课件(经典十七篇)
时间:2017-07-30 作者:工作计划之家被动语态课件(经典十七篇)。
⏣ 被动语态课件 ⏣
将语态与主谓一致结合起来命题
1. All the employees except the manager ______to work online at home. yfdq/3095.html
A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged
解析：主语是all the employees(复数) ，而不是the manager，排除答案A和C;又因all the employees与encourage是被动关系，要用被动语态，排除B，故选D。
2. A library with five thousand books _______to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered
解析：a library是offer的承受者，要用被动语态，排除B和D;又因主语(library) 是单数，排除C;故选A。注意：with five thousand books是a library是定语。
将语态与虚拟语气结合起来命题
—Don’t you think it necessary that he ______ to Miami but to New York?
— I agree, but the problem is ______ he has refused to.
A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what
解析：因he与send是被动关系，排除D;又因it (is) necessary后的that从句的谓语要用“(should+) 动词原形”，排除选项A;答句中的表语从句不缺任何句子成分，用that;故选B。
将语态与倒装结合起来命题
Only after my friend came ______.
A. did the computer repaired B. be repaired the computer
C. was the computer repaired D. the computer was repaired
解析：因the computer与repair是被动关系，排除A;又因only加状语置于句首，要用部分倒装，排除选项D和B;故选C。
将固定短语中的名词作主语来增加句子理解难度
Good care must ______babies, particularly while they are ill.
A. take B. take of C. be taken D. be taken of
解析：由固定短语take good care of(好好照看) 是可知，good care与take是被动关系，排除A和B;选项C中又漏掉了of;故选D。
在语境中将语态与时态结合起来命题
1. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ______to eat more fruit and vegetables.
A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded
解析：因people与persuade是被动关系，排除A和B。又因为主语是一般将来时，条件句中用一般现在时，所以选D。
2. Hundreds of jobs ______if the factory closes.
A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lost
解析：因lose与jobs是被动关系，排除A和D;又因条件状语从句是一般现在时，主句中的谓语动词应当是一般将来时，故选B。
3. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ______each year.
A. were washed away B. is being washed away
C. are washing away D. are being washed away
解析：因good earth(沃土) 与wash away(冲走) 是被动关系，排除C;又因quantities of…作主语，谓语动词用复数，排除B;指近阶段(近些年) 正在发生的事，用现在进行时，排除A;故选D。
4. —The window is dirty. —I know. It ______ for weeks.()
A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned
解析：由is和for weeks可知，要用现在完成时态，排除B和C;又因It (The window) 与clean是被动关系，要用被动语态，所以选D。
5. —George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to the wedding?
—No, I ______. Did they have a big wedding?
A. was not invited B. have not been invited
C. hadn’t been invited D. didn’t invite
解析：因为I与invite是被动关系，又因为邀请应当发生在结婚之前，got married是过去，invite就该是过去的过去，所以用过去完成时的被动语态，只有C正确。
6. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _____ by 2006.
A. has been completed B. has completed
C. will have been completed D. will have completed
解析：因“by+将来时间”通常与将来完成时连用，所以由by 2006可排除A和B;又因为work与complete是被动关系，所以要被动语态，只有C正确。
7. Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may ______run over by a car.
A. have B. get C. become D. turn
解析：you与run over是被动关系，选项中只有get才可与过去分词run构成被动语态，故选B。
⏣ 被动语态课件 ⏣
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. _____ with any common sense can tell the difference between the two.
【陷阱】容易误选B。
【分析】最佳答案为C。有的同学误选B主要是因为受以下这类句子的影响：
Whoever comes will be welcome. 任何人来都欢迎。
Whoever wants the book may have it. 任何人要这书都可拿去。
Whoever gets the job will have a lot of work. 谁要是得到这份工作就有很多事要做。
以上三句中 whoever 引导的均为主语从句，其中的 whoever均可换成 anyone who，但是不能换成 anyone。以上试题从表面上看，与以上各例很相似，其实它们有本质的不同，即 _____ with any common sense 中没有谓语动词，所以我们不能选 whoever。此题的正确答案为C，anyone 为句子主语，with any common sense 为修饰 anyone 的定语。现将此题稍作改动如下，答案选B：
_______ has any common sense can tell the difference between the two.
2. The dictionary is really useful. Every boy and girl _____ it and they each _____ to buy one.
【陷阱】容易误选D。认为前面一空填复数动词，因为其主语是 boy and girl，为复数；第二空填单数动词，因为其前有 each，表示“每一个”。
【分析】事实上，此题应选C。因为按英语习惯，every 后接两个并列的单数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数，即第一空填 likes；而第二空要填复数动词 want，是因为其前的主语是 they 而不是 each（each 为主语的同位语）。
3. Everyone knows that Canada is larger than _____ country in Asia.
【陷阱】容易误选B。选择的依据是以下大家熟悉的句型(其中的 other 不可省略)：
He is taller than any other student in our class. 他是我们班最高的。
English is more widely used in international intercourse than any other language today. 现今英语在国际交往中比其他任何语言用得都广。
【分析】但是上面一题与这类句子有所不同。这类句型到底该不该加 other，主要应看所谈论的对象是否在比较的范围之内：若在范围之内，则用 other (以排除自己与自己比较)；若不在范围之内，则不用 other。比较下面一题：
China is larger than _____ country in Asia.
A. any B. any other C. other D. another
此题应选B，因为 China 在 Asia 的范围之内。假若选A，则表示“中国比亚洲的任何国家都大”，而中国本身也是亚洲国家，由此则得出“中国比中国大”的荒谬结论。而选B，则表示“中国比亚洲任何其他国家要大”，这才合乎事实。
4. “What do you think of them?” “I don’t know _____ is better, so I’ve taken _____ of them.”
【陷阱】几个干扰均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案为C。做好此题的关键是要注意句中的 better 一词，由于better 用的是比较级，说明比较的对象应是两者，由此可推知第二空应填both；另一方面，由于所谈论的是两者，说明选择范围比较窄、比较明确，所以第一空应填 which。
5. “Would you like a cup of coffee or a glass of beer?” “____ will do, but milk is _____ popular with me.”
C. Either, the most D. All, the most
【陷阱】很容易误选B，因为前文提到 coffee 和 beer 为两者，所以有的同学就认为应选 both 和 more 与之对应(more 为比较级，指两者比较)。
【分析】做对此题的关键是要注意到下文提到的 milk既不是 coffee 也不是 beer，而是除这两者外的第三者，故第二空应填 the most，即此题最佳答案为C。
6. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _____ it was?
此题答案选D，主要与上文的some book or other (某一本书)这一语境有关，全句句意为：“我在某一本书上读到过它，是哪一本书这很重要吗?”请看类似试题：
(1) “Who told you?” “Oh, somebody or other, I’ve forgotten _____.”
此题最佳答案为D。句意为：“谁告诉你的？”“噢，有个人，我忘记是哪一个了。”
(2) Some of the students were late for the meeting, but I can’t remember _____.
此题最佳答案为C。句意为“有些学生开会迟到了，但我不记得是哪些学生了”。
7. These trousers are dirty and wet - I’ll change into my _____.
【陷阱】容易误选A、B。
【分析】最佳答案为C。是从语法上看，another 后通常接单数名词，而不接trousers 这样的复数名词（若用 another pair 则可以）；也不能选 trousers 是因为填它句子意思不通。最佳答案应选C，others 相当于 other trousers，其中的 other 与前面的 these 相对照。
8. Her lecture was hard to follow because she kept jumping from one subject to _____.
【陷阱】容易误选B。选择依据可能是one … the other …这一常用结构。
【分析】最佳答案为D。使用one … the other … 时，我们通常是针对两者而言的，即指“两者中的一个……，另一个……”；如果所谈论的情况不是针对两者而言的，而是针对多者而言的，那么我们就不宜在 one 后使用 the other，而考虑用 another。又如(答案均选D，即选 another)：
(1) Those cakes look delicious. Could I have _____ one?
(2) I have many such novels. I’ll bring _____ tomorrow.
(3) Saying is one thing and doing is _____.
比较以下各例：
(1) Shut ____ eye, Jim.
答案选D，因为人的眼睛只有两只，故用 one … the other … 结构。
(2) It’s sometimes hard to tell one twin from _____.
答案选D，twin 意为“孪生子之一”、“双胞胎之一”，即指两者之一，故用 one … the other … 这一结构。
9. There are four bedrooms, ______ with its own bathroom.
此题容易误选A，认为既然前面出现了 four bedrooms，故填 all 与之对应。其实，此题的最佳答案应为B，原因是空格后的隐藏信息 its，它表示空格处应填一个单数代词，但是不能选C，因为 every 不能这样单独使用。
10. “It’s said that he is a wise leader.” “Oh, no, he is _____ but a wise leader.”
【陷阱】容易误选B、C。因为句子主语指人，似乎只有B、C才与之一致。
【分析】其实，正确答案应选A。因为 anything but 是习语，意为“根本不是”或“一点也不”，不仅可用于事物，也可用于人。如：
I’ll do anything but that. 我绝不会干那种事。
The party was anything but a success. 晚会根本不成功。
Her father was anything but a poet. 她父亲根本不是诗人。
Such a man was anything but a hero. 那样的人绝不算英雄。
11. Tell _______ you like - it makes no difference to me.
【陷阱】容易从中文字面来理解而误选A或B。
【分析】最佳答案选 C。但若将A, B两项合起来，即用 anyone who这样的形式则也可以。选 C，whoever 引导一个宾语从句，用作动词 tell的宾语。同样地，请看以下类似试题：
(1) _____ comes is welcome.
此题很容易误选A，因为从汉语意思来分析，可理解为“任何人来都欢迎”，但若选A，此句的结构是混乱的，句中有两个谓语动词 comes 和 is，但却只是一个句子。此题应选C，anyone 是句子主语，who comes 是修饰 anyone 的定语从句。
(2) _____ comes to see me, tell him I’m out.
此题很容易按汉语意思误选A，其实应选C。whoever 引导的是让步状语从句，相当于 no matter who。
(3) Sarah hopes to become a friend of _____ shares her interests.
此题不能选A，假若选A，应在其后加上 who，即用 anyone who；也不能选B，一是因为空格处应填一个作主语的词(因为其后有谓语动词 shares)，二是因为在现代英语中 whomever 这个词已基本废除 (也就是说，在现代英语中 whoever 既用作主语，也用作宾语，如：Give it to whoever you see in the meeting-room. 你在会议室里看见谁就把它给谁)；也不能选D，因为 no matter who只用于引导让步状语从句，不用于引导名词性从句。此题正确答案为C，whoever 在此相当于 anyone who。
比较下例，答案应选A，而不是B、C或D(注意句意)：
It was a matter of _____ would take the position.
12. The teacher told us that the problem was not _____ easy and that we should think _____ over carefully.
【陷阱】容易根据汉语字面意思误选C。
【分析】最佳答案选 B。第一空填that，that 用作副词，相当于 so，又如：
Is it always that hot? 总那么热吗?（其中的 that hot 可以换成 so hot，但不能换成 such hot）
I can only tell you that much. 我只能告诉你这么多。（其中的 that much 可以换成 so much，但不能换成 such much）
注意第一空不能填such，因为such 不用作副词，即它不用于修饰形容词。
另外，汉语中说“好好想一想”，通常可以不带宾语，但英语中的think over 是及物动词，如果用它来表示“好好想一想”，应根据上下文的语境让它带上适当的宾语，所以本题应用 think it over，相当于 think the problem over。
13. The camera isn’t good enough; I want to change ______.
C. it with another D. it for another
【陷阱】容易根据汉语字面意思误选A、B。
【分析】此题最佳答案为D。英语中的 change sth 表示的是“换某物”，sth 是被换的东西，而 change sth for sth else 表示的才是“用某物换另一物”。比较：
That coat was too large and I had to change it. 那件外套太大了，我得去换一件。
That coat was too large and I had to change it for a smaller one. 那件外套太大了，我得去换一件小一点的。
14. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______.
【陷阱】此题容易误选 B，生搬硬套不定代词用法规则：something 用于肯定句，anything 用于否定句或疑问句。
【分析】其实此题应选 A，注意前文的 I agree with most of what you said(我同意你说的大部分内容)，其后的not 与 everything 构成部分否定，意为“不是所有的都同意”，前后两部分用转折连词 but 连接，语气通顺、连贯。请看一个类似的例子：
______ likes money, but money is not ______.
A. Everyone, everything B. Anyone, anything
C. Someone, nothing D. Nobody, everything
最佳答案选A，句意为“大家都喜欢钱，但钱不是万能的”。
15. “Is there ______ here?” “No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.”
【陷阱】此题容易误选 A。认为这是一般疑问句，要用 anybody。
【分析】其实此题应选B，主要与上下文的语境有关。全文语境为：“大家都到齐了吗？”“没有，Bob 和Tim 两人请假了。”假若我们将此题作如下变换，则情形就会有所不同：
“Is there ______ here?” “Yes, I’m upstairs. Please come and help me.”
此题的最佳答案应是A，而不是B。
请再看一例：
“Do you have _____ at home now, Mary?” “No, we still have to get some fruit and tea.”
答案选C，句意为“玛丽，现在家里东西都准备齐了吗？”“还没有，我们还要买些水果和茶。”
16. “If you want a necklace, I’ll buy one for you at once.” “Oh, no. A necklace is not _____ that I need most.
【陷阱】此题容易误选A，机械地套用以下规则：something 用于肯定句，anything 用于否定句或疑问句。
【分析】当然以上规则在通常情况下是有效的，但此句不属通常用法。此题的最佳答案应是B，something 在此的意思不是“某种东西”，而是指“那种东西”或“这种东西”，即心中最想要的那种东西(相当于 the thing)。同样地，下面几题的最佳答案也是 something，而不是 anything：
(1) It’s not _____ that we want to talk about; let’s change the subject.
(2) It’s not _____ I enjoy; I do it purely out of a sense of duty.
(3) Self-control is not _____ that comes with your birth.
(4) This is not _____ that would disturb me anyway.
17. Some say one thing, but _____.
A. other, another B. others, another
C. others, the other D. the others, others
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选B。but others another 为 but others say another 之省略。在并列句中，若后面分句与前面分句有相同的词，常把后一分句中的相同部分给省略掉，以避免重复。如：
One soldier was killed and another wounded. 有一名士兵被打死，另一名被打伤。(wounded 前省略了 was)
I work in a factory and my brother on a farm. 我在工厂工作，我弟弟在农场工作。(on a farm 前省略了 works)
My room is on the second floor and his on the third. 我的房间在三楼，他的房间在四楼。（on the third 前省略了 is）
18. He is a hard-working student, _____ who will be successful in whatever career he chooses.
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】此题答案选C，one 相当于 a student。类似地，以下各题也选one，它们分别相当于 a table, a break, a question, a Mexican carpet, a moment：
(1) A table made of steel costs more than _______ made of wood.
(2)“Why don’t we take a little break?” “Didn’t we just have _____?”
(3) The question is _____ of great importance.
(4) She wants a Mexican carpet, but she can’t afford to buy ______.
(5) Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _____ I will always treasure.
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. Tom’s mother always told him not to smoke again, but _____ didn’t help.
2. Both teams were in hard training; _____ was willing to lose the game.
3. There he pointed to _____ looked like a stone and said that’s ______ you had to carry home.
4. I know nothing about the accident except _____ I read in the paper.
5. Energy is ____ makes one work.
6. Don’t go to _____ places where there is no fresh air.
7. The classroom is almost empty, where is _____?
8. I’m afraid we can’t have coffee; there’s _____ left.
9. _____ worries me is _____ we’re going to pay for all this.
10. He just does ______ he pleases and never thinks about anyone else.
11. _____ of you comes first will get the ticket.
12. His income is double _____ it was five years ago.
13. If you want a friend, you’ll find _____ in me.
14. Oh, how beautiful it is! I like _____ better.
15. Do you know _______ friends are coming to our party?
16. _______ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
17. Jane hopes to become a friend of _______ shares her interests.
18. Some friends tried to settle the quarrel between Mr and Mrs Smith without hurting the feeling of _______, but failed.
19. -Here are the best styles of the clothes. Which one do you like?
- _______. They are not so nice as I expected.
20. Mr Ascot, headmaster of the school, refused to accept ______of the three suggestions made by the Students’ Union.
21. “There’s coffee and tea; you can have _______.” “Thanks.”
22. “When shall we meet again?” “Make it _______day you like; it’s all the same to me.”
23. “Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.” “Why ______? John is sitting there doing nothing.”
◆答案与解析◆
1. 选B，it 指前面提到的情况。由于句中用了并列连词 but，所以不能选C。当然，若去掉空格前的but，则可选C。
3. 选B，因是 both teams，即谈论的是两者，因此可锁定A和B；从语境上看，应选B，即双方都不愿输。
3. 选B。即两空均填 what，第一个what 相当于 something that；第二个what 相当于the thing that。
4. 选C，what 在句中用作动词 read 的宾语。
5. 选A，what 相当于 something that。
6. 选C，但容易误选A。按英语习惯，受 such 修饰的名词后跟定语从句时，引导定语从句的关系词一般只能是 as，而不能是 that, which, who, where等。如：Such women as knew him thought he was charming. 认识他的女人都认为他很有魅力。此句中的 as 就不能换成that 或 who，若要使用 that 或who，则需将 such 换掉，如说成Those women who knew Tom thought he was charming.
7. 选C，句意为“教室几乎是空的，大家都到哪里去了？”
8. 选B，nothing 指“什么也没有”；none 指数量上的“一点(个)也没有”。注：回答 how much 和 how many 时要用 none，而不用 nothing，道理同此。
9. 选C，what worries me 为主语从句，且 what 在主语从句中用作主语。
10. 选B。从句意推知。
11. 选B 最佳，因 who后通常不接表示范围的 of 短语，故不宜选C；若选A，则句型不对；若选D，则语义不通。
12. 选D，what 相当于 the amount that。
13. 选 A，one 在此相当于a friend。
14. 选C，I like nothing better 相当于 It’s the best thing I like。
15. 选D。else 可放在 who, what, where, how, why 等疑问词之后，但习惯上不放在which之后，而且在一般情况下也不用在whose后，遇此情况可用 who else’s，如：
Who else’s fault could it be? 这会是其他什么人的错吗?
但是，若其后不修饰名词，有时也可用whose else。如：
Whose else could it be? 这会是其他什么人的吗?
16. 选C。其余三者均不能引导主语从句。whoever 在此相当于 anyone who。
17. 选C。whoever shares her interests用作介词of的宾语，同时whoever又用作谓语动词shares的语。
18. 选B。由于句中谈到的是 Mr and Mrs Smith，即谈的是两者，故排除选项A和C，因为 none 和all 均用于指三者。又因为空格前有否定介词without，故空格处填either, 不用 neither。
19. 选D。none 可视为 I like none of them 之省略。从下文的语境看，空格处只能填空一个表否定意义的词。据此首先排除B；虽然A、C、D均表否定意义，但neither 与前面的best（既然使用最高级，说明有三者或多者在作比较）不吻合；而 nothing 表示“什么也没有”，不合语境。
20. 选 C。none 和 neither 表否定，与句中的 refused to acept这一语境不符。在 either 与 any 两个选项中，either 指两者，与句中的 three suggestions 不符。故只能选 any，指三者中的任意一个。
21. 选 A。比较四个选项：either 指两者中的“任意一个”，each 指两者或两者以上中的“每一个”，one 用来替代“a / an +单数可数名词”，it 替代“the +单数名词”。
22. 选 B。根据下文的 it’s all the same to me(对我都一样)可知，选 any 最合语境。
23. 选 D。Why me? 可视为 Why do you ask me to go and join? 之省略。另外，me 还通常在简略回答中用作主语。如：Me too.(我也一样。)
⏣ 被动语态课件 ⏣
时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容，广大初中学生在实际运用时，往往对时态总是倍感棘手，下面我们就归纳复习一下这几种时态。
一、一般现在时：
概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语：
always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.
否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
二、一般过去时：
概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1990, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。
三、现在进行时：
时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.
四、过去进行时：
概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
否定形式：was/were + not + doing.
五、现在完成时：
概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间状语：recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc.
否定形式：have/has + not +d one.
六、过去完成时：
概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc.
七、一般将来时：
概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc.
基本结构：①am/is/are/going to + do；②will/shall + do.
否定形式：①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①be放于句首；②will/shall提到句首。
八、过去将来时：
概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
时间状语：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc.
基本结构：①was/were/going to + do；②would/should + do.
否定形式：①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.
一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②would/should 提到句首。
英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换，以下是几种常见的转换形式：
语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用别的表达方式：①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中；②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的.延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从以来有时间”的意思，主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看：
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看：
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来，妈妈！”请看：
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
四、“be going to+动词原形”与“will(shall)+动词原形”结构的转换
“be going to+动词原形”、表示打算、计划要做的事；将来时“will(shall)+动词原形”结构在书面语中，当主语为第一人称时，常用助动词shall。在口语中，所有人称都可以用will。请看：
We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
⏣ 被动语态课件 ⏣
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now.
C. am going to show D. am showing
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】正确答案选B.根据上文的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即 or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article（要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话--但事实上忘了）。
2. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _____.”
B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much
C. Health is more important than drink
D. I wonder why he is always doing so
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是受句中 drunk 一词的影响。
【分析】最佳答案为D.关键信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D.
3. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _____ you if you had so high a fever.”
【陷阱】容易误选A或C.选A者，认为前后两句的动词性质应一致；选C者，认为其后带有if 条件状语从句，从语气上看，主句应用将来时态。
【分析】此题最佳答案为D.分析如下：
（1） “so + 助动词 + 主语”是一个很有用的结构，它表示“……也一样”时。如：
He likes to watch TV, and so do I. 他喜欢看电视，我也一样。
When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 当动植物消失的时候，人类也会随之消失。
（2） 由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气（这是很重要的信息），所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案应选D.
4. “He will come tomorrow.” “But I’d rather he _____ the day after tomorrow.”
【陷阱】容易误选A或B.根据上文的 He will come tomorrow 以及下文的时间状语 the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白处应填一个一般将来时态。
【分析】但此题的最佳答案是 C.按照英语习惯，would rather 后接that 从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。又如：
I’d rather you left right now. 我宁愿你现在就离开。
I would much rather it was forgotten. 我更愿这事被遗忘掉。
I’d rather he hadn’t told me about it. 我宁愿他没告诉我这事。
请再做以下试题（答案均为B）：
（1） “Shall I come tomorrow ？” “I’d rather you ______.”
（2） “I’ve told him about it.” “But I’d rather you ______.”
（3） “He will take you as well.” “But I’d rather he ______.”
5. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ____ badly wounded and that he ____ at once.
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选 D.insist后的从句谓语有时用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，有时不用，具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意，可知只有选D最合适。请做以下类似试题（答案选B）：
（1） The patient insisted that he _______ ill and _______ to the hospital.
A. wasn’t, wasn’t sent B. wasn’t, shouldn’t be sent
C. shouldn’t be, wasn’t sent D. shouldn’t be, shouldn’t be sent
（2） The man in prison insisted that he _______ nothing wrong and _______ set free.
A. should do, should be B. had done, should be
C. had done, had been D. should do, had been
（3） I advised that he ______ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he ______ quite well then.
A. was sent; felt B. be sent; was feeling
C. he sent; feel D. should be sent; should feel
6. ______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.
A. Was he given up B. Had he given up
【陷阱】容易误选 D.
【分析】正确答案应选B.之所以不能选D，是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would not have got，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是 had given up，而不是像D项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有 had, should, were 等词时，通常可以省略 if，并将 had, should, were 提前置于句首。又如：
Were they to cease advertising, prices would come down.= If they were to cease advertising, prices would come down. 如果他们停止做广告，价钱会降下来。
Had I been there, I would have filmed the occasion.= If I had been there, I would have filmed the occasion. 如果我在那里，我会把那场面拍摄下来了。
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. “I still haven’t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present.” “It’s time you _____.”
2. If I hadn’t been lucky enough to meet you. I really _____ what I would have done.
C. wasn’t knowing D. wouldn’t know
3. “I’ve told everyone about it.” “Oh, I’d rather you _____.”
4. It has been raining for a day, but even though it hadn’t rained, we _____ there by tomorrow.
5. “Do you know his address？” “No, I also wish I _____ where he _____.”
6. “Isn’t it about time you _____ to do morning exercises？” “Yes, it is. Would you like to join us？”
7. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen
8. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal.
C. would score D. would have scored
9. If only he _______ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.
10. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ____ for us to live.
A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly
C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly
11. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she ____ something she would regret later.
12. You didn’t let me drive. If we ____ in turn, you ____ so tired.
A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get
C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have got
13. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______.
C. were broken D. had been broken
14. But for the help you gave me, I _______ the examinations.
A. would have passed B. would pass
C. wouldn’t have passed D. wouldn’t pass
◆答案与解析◆
1. 选B.It’s time you did 为 It’s time you thanked Aunt Lucy for her present 之略。按照英语语法，it’s time 后从句通常要用过去式。
2. 选A.虽然前有虚拟条件句, 后有使用了虚拟语气的宾语，但 I don’t know 却宜用一般现在时，因为 I don’t know 表述的是现在的真实情况，句意为“我要不是有幸遇到你，我真不知（指现在不知）我会做出什么蠢事来”。
3. 选B.I’d rather 后接从句时，从句谓语的时态规律是：用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示过去。
4. 选A.we can’t get there by tomorrow 为客观事实，故宜用陈述语气。
5. 选B.第一空填 knew，因为 I wish 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气（即用过去式表示现在的想法）；第二空要填lives，即用陈述语气，因为 where he lives 是一个客观事实，而不是 I wish 的内容。
6. 选C.It’s time… / It’s high time… / It’s about time… 等后接从句时，从句谓语通常用过去式。
7. 选 B.此题涉及错综时间虚拟条件句，主句与现在事实相反，条件句与过去事实相反。句意为：要不是在七岁时就迷上了 Melinda Cox 图书馆，我真不能想像我如今会在做什么。
8. 选 D.这是otherwise 引出的含蓄虚拟语气，再根据前面的 hesitated 可进一步知道这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，由此可推知答案选 D.
9. 选 C.if only 意为“要是……就好了”，其后的句子谓语要用虚拟语气，同时根据 as the doctor instructed 中的过去时态可知从句是与过去事实相反，故选 C.
10. 选 A.without 引出的介词短语为一个与现在事实相反的含蓄条件句。
11. 选 D.otherwise 在此相当于 if she had not walked away from the discussion，即暗示一个与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。
12. 选 D.根据句中的 didn’t let me drive 可知，这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气句，条件句的谓语用 had+过去分词，主句谓语用 would / should / could / might have+过去分词。
13. 选 C.as if 引导的句子，有时用虚拟语气，有时不用。原则上说，若指事实或可能为事实，不用虚拟语气；若指现在，从句谓语动词用一般过去时（be 用 were）；若指过去用过去完成时，若指将来用过去将来时或用 were to do sth.又如下面一题要选 C：
It seems as if the sun ____ round the earth since it rises in the east and sets in the west.
C. were circling D. has been circling
14. 选C.but for 的意思是“若不是，要不是”，用于引出与事实相反的假设，通常与虚拟语气连用。根据句中的 the help you gave me，可知它表示与过去事实相反，故选C.
⏣ 被动语态课件 ⏣
1.也像其它时态由主动语态变被动语态一样，首先弄清楚用现在进行时的句子中哪些可以由主动语态变为被动语态。我们知道，在简单句的五个基本句型中，有三个基本句型(S V O，S V o O，S V O C)可以由主动语态变为被动语态；有两个基本句型(S V，S V P)不能由主动语态变为被动语态。所以，当这三个基本句型(S V O，S V InO DO，S V O OC)的谓语动词用了现在进行时时才有可能由主动语态变为被动语态。例如：
They are studying the milu deer at the research centre.(S V O)→
The milu deer are being studied at the research centre.
She is teaching the boy a lesson.(S V InO DO)→
The boy is being taught a lesson.
Now he is making the girl laugh.(S V O OC)→
Now the girl is being made to laugh.
还应注意到一些动词很少用于被动语态，因此这些动词在句子谓语用了现在进行时时也常没有被动语态。如：We are having supper now.一般不能变为Supper is being had now.。
2.及物动词现在进行时由主动语态变被动语态时有三种句式：
①主语(第一人称单数I) am being 过去分词 其他成分；
②主语(第二人称单、复数you，第一人称复数we和第三人称复数they等) are being 过去分词 其他成分；
③主语(第三人称单数 he，she，it等) is being 过去分词 其他成分。所以，当句子谓语动词用了现在进行时由主动语态变被动语态时谓语动词要由原来作宾语变为主语时的名(代)词的数来决定，从上面三种句式中选择合适的一种句式。例如：
They are collecting money for the broadband project.→
Money is being collected for the broad-band project.
They are not protecting some animals well enough.→
Some animals are not being protected well enough.
介词短语、从句修饰或有补足语时，动词不定式短语、介词短语、从句和补足语等，一般都仍然保留在原来的位置上。例如：
They are revising the laws to protect the rights of women and children.→
The laws are being revised to protect the rights of women and children.
They are writing a report about the negative effects of cell phones in school.→
A report is being written about the negative effects of cell phones in school.
Scientists are keeping a sick milu deer alive at the centre.→
A sick milu deer is being kept alive at the centre(by scientists).
4.如果用在现在进行时的句子中的谓语动词是动词短语或习惯用语，那么这个动词短语或习语只把动词变为被动语态，其他部分保持不变。例如：
The parents are taking good care of their test-tube baby.→
Their test-tube baby is being taken good care of(by the parents).
5.当用了现在进行时的句子结构是"S V In O DO"句型时，既可以把间接宾语变为被动句的主语，也可以把直接宾语变为被动句的主语，但如果是后者，可根据动词的.习惯用法，把间接宾语改写为to或for引起的介词短语。例如：
George is sending his friend's phone texts and pictures.
His friend's phone is being sent texts and pictures(by George).
Texts and pictures are being sent to his friend's phone(by George).
She is making Toma new coat.
Tom is being made a new coat.
A new coat is being made for Tom.
6.用了现在进行时的句子由主动语态变为被动语态后，原来充当主语的名/代词(特别是人称代词)在一般情况下可以省略掉，如果有必要强调时可用by表示，常放在句子后面。例如：
They are adding new functions to the phones.
New functions are being added to the phones(by them).
Scientists are studying the life of the milu deer at present.
The life of the milu deer is being studied at present by scientists.
7.当用了现在进行时的句子由主动语态变为被动语态后，其否定式的构成主要把not放在谓语动词中第一个助动词(am ，are或is)后面构成，而疑问式的构成则是把句子谓语动词的第一个助动词(am，are或is)移到句子前(第一个字母要大写)，然后在句子后面加上问号而成。例如：
New nature parks are being started in China.
New nature parks are not being started in China.(否定式)
Milu deer are being sent to China from Britain.
Are milu deer being sent to China from Britain?(疑问式)
如果是特殊疑问句还要在这个助词前面加上适当疑问词。例如：
Why is money being collected?
⏣ 被动语态课件 ⏣
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. “Mike is often absent from class.” “Tell him he _____ answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.”
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选A.shall 用作情态动词主要有以下两个用法：
（1） 用于疑问句中征求意见。如：
Shall I help you？ 要不要我帮帮你？
Shall I open the window？ 要我把窗子打开吗？
（2） 用于陈述句中表示允诺、告诫、警告、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等（可用于各类人称）。如：
You shall suffer for this. 你会为此事吃苦头的。（表威胁）
Each competitor shall wear a number. 每个参赛者要戴一个号码。（表规定）
You shall hear everything as soon as you come. 你一来就可听到所有情况了。（表允诺）
请做以下试题（答案均选 shall）：
（1） “I promise that she _____ get a nice present on her birthday.” “Will it be a great surprise to her？”
2. You _______ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选A.cannot…too…是英语中一个十分有用的表达，意为“不可能太……，无论怎样……也不算过分，越……越……”。如：
You can’t be too careful. 你越仔细越好。
You can’t praise the too much. 这本书值得大加赞扬。
We cannot work too much for the people. 我们为人民做工作是不可能做过头的。
A woman cannot have too many clothes. 女人买的衣服再多也不算多。
注：有时也可用 can never, impossible 等与too连用来表示类似意思。如：
It is impossible to get there too soon. 去那儿越早越好。
3. “Is John coming by train？” “He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.”
【陷阱】可能误选B或C.
【分析】最佳答案为D.may 表推测，may not 意为“可能不（会坐火车来）”。句中的 He should 为 He should come by train 之省略，由于其后出现转折连词 but，说明语意有变化，再结合下文的 He likes driving his car，便可决定此题选D.注意，不能选B，因为can表示推测时通常不用肯定陈述句。
4. “I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.” “It ____ true because there was little snow there.”
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】此题最佳答案为C，主要由下文的 because there was little snow there 这一语境所决定，既然“没下什么雪”，那么“滑雪”就应是“不可能”，所以选 couldn’t be，即选C.
5. “Do you think he is lazy？” “I _____ so once, but I don’t now.”
A. may have thought B. can have thought
答案选A.从答话人的语境可知，空格处的意思“曾经这样想过”，即对过去情况作推测，故应用“情态动词+动词完成式”；又因为 can 表推测不用于肯定句，故选A.请看类例：
Their answers are exactly the same - one of them ______ from the other.
A. must copy B. must have copied
C. should copy D. should have copied
答案选B，既然两人的答案完全一样，说明“抄袭”已经发生，故用“情态动词+动词完成式”，根据句意，应选B而不能选D.
6. You _____ be right, but I don’t think you are.
A. can B. could C. must D. should
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】从语境上看，C、D不宜选，在剩下的A和B中，许多同学想当然地选了A，认为整个句子为现在时态，所以选can，而不选过去式 could，但是最佳答案却是B而不是A.按照英语语法，情态动词can 用于推测表示可能性时，通常只用于否定句或疑问句中，而不用于肯定句中；但 could 用于表推测时，却不仅可用于否定句和疑问句，也可用于肯定句，且此时的 could 并不是 can 的过去式，与 can 也没有时间上的差别，只是 could 比 can语气更委婉，所以答案选B.注：can 在以下特殊情况下，也可用于肯定句。一是表示抽象的可能性，即从理论上或逻辑上分析是可能的，但是实际上未必会发生。如：Anyone can make mistakes. 任何人都可能会犯错误。二是后接“be （get, seem, become）＋形容词”，表示“有时会”、“时常会”等。如：My father can be very unreasonable. 我父亲有时候很不讲道理。
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. “I thought you wouldn’t mind.” “Well, as a matter of fact I don’t, but you _____ me first.”
A. should ask B. should have asked
2. “I called you yesterday. A woman answered, but I didn’t recognize her voice.” “Oh, it _____ my aunt Jean.”
3. That car nearly hit me; I ______.
A. might be killed B. might have been killed
C. may be killed D. may been killed
4. It’s a very kind offer, but I really _____ accept it.
5. The police still haven’t found her, but they’re doing all they _____.
6. You _____ practise the drums while the baby is sleeping.
7. You _____ him the news; he knew it already.
A. needn’t tell B. needn’t have told
C. mightn’t tell D. mightn’t have told
8. As she’s not here, I suppose she _____ home.
9. Are you still here？ You ______ home hours ago.
A. should go B. should have gone
10. “I called you yesterday. A woman answered, but I didn’t recognize her voice.” “Oh, it _____ my aunt Jean.”
11. I _______ have met him a long time ago. Both his name and face are very familiar.
13.“Shall we go shopping？” “Sorry, we _______ buy anything now because none of the shops are open.”
14. They often go to the restaurants for meals. They _____ be very poor.
15. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She ______ have spoken at the meeting.
17. He ______ the test again, in which case, his mother will be very disappointed.
A. might fail B. must have failed
C. should fail D. could have failed
18. “Why didn’t she come to the meeting yesterday？” “I’m not so sure. She ______ ill.”
A. should be B. should have been
19. Why did you just sit and watch？ You _______ me.
C. could have helped D. must have helped
20. “You ______ your teacher for help. He is kind-hearted.” “Yes. A whole day _______.”
D. shouldn’t have asked, would be wasted
21. “Is there a flight to London this evening？” “There _______ be. I’ll phone the airport and find it out.”
22. “Show me your permit, please.” “Oh, it’s not in my pocket. It ______.”
A. might fall out B. could fall out
C. should have fallen out D. must have fallen out
23. “Look at these tracks. It _______ be a wolf.” “Don’t be so sure. I think it _______ be a fox.”
25. “Did Jim come？” “I don’t know. He _______ while I was out.”
A. might have come B. might come
C. mush have come D. should have come
◆答案与解析◆
1. 选B，should 后接动词完成式表示“本来应该做某事，结果未做”，此处含有责备之意。
2. 选B，对过去情况的肯定推测，宜用“情态动词 + 动词完成式”，再根据句意，可确定答案为B.注：can 表示推测通常不用于肯定陈述句。
3. 选B，表示过去可能发生而实际上未发生的事，用might + 动词完成式。若只是推测过去可能已经发生的事，则可用 may + 动词完成式，如 He may have gone. 他可能已经走了。
4. 选C.由句意可知。
5. 选B，do all one can 意为“尽力”或“竭尽全力”。
6. 选C，mustn’t 在此相当于 can’t，且语气更强。
7. 选B，“needn’t + 动词完成式”的意思是：本来不必做某事，但实际上做了。上句意思是“你本来不必告诉他这个消息的，因为他（当时）已经知道了”。注意，句中 knew 为过去式。
8. 选B，must 后接动词完成式表示对过去情况的肯定推测，意为“一定已经做了某事”。
9. 选B，should 后接动词完成式表示“本来应该做某事，结果未做”。
10. 选B，对过去情况的肯定推测，宜用“情态动词 + 动词完成式”，再根据句意，可确定答案为B.注：can 表示推测通常不用于肯定句。
12. 选A.may have done sth 表示对过去可能发生的事进行推测，意为“可能曾经”。
13. 选C.根据上下文的语境推知。can’t 意为“不能”。
14. 选B.根据上下文的语境推知。can’t 表推测，意为“不不能”。
16. 选uldn’t have done sth 表示对过去情况进行推测，意为“过去不可能发生过某情况”。
17. 选A.根据下文的 will be 可知，“他考试再不及格”是将来的事，据此可排除B和D.再根据语意，排除C.
18. 选D.从时间上看，由于是昨天没来开会，所以推测他生病也应指昨天，故排除A和C.从语境上看，既然上文说 I’m not so sure，那么说明说话者对自己的推测没有很大把握，故选D.
19. 选C.根据上文的过去时态可知，此句谈的是过去的事，故排除A和C.根据语境排除D.
20. 选uldn’t have done sth 结构在此表示责备，指过去本来可以做某事但实际上未做。第二空填 was wasted，陈述的是过去的一事实。
21. 选B.根据下文的 I’ll phone the airport and find it out 可知，说话人对自己的推测没有很大把握，故选 might.若选A，语气太强，不合语境；若选D，不合语法习惯，因为can 表推测通常不用于肯定陈述句中。
22. 选D.既然“通行证现在不在口袋里”，那么它“掉出去”应发生在过去，故排除A和B.比较选项C和D所表示的意思，选D更恰当。
24. 选A.根据 Don’t be so sure 可知前面一空应填must.第二空填的could表示推测，虽为过去式形式，但表示现在意义，语气较委婉，它与表推测的 can 主要用于否定句和疑问句不同，它可以用于肯定陈述句。
25. 选A.根据句中有关时态可知“他来”发生在过去，故排除B；根据 I don’t know 可知选项C语气太肯定，不合适；选项D的意思是“本来应该来”，与语境不合。
⏣ 被动语态课件 ⏣
在美国工商管理学院的入学能力测试GMAT考试中，语法考试有一个特点，就是主动语态和被动语态的对错考试。在一般的英语语法中，主动语态和被动语态都被认为是正确的表达，但在GMAT考试中，假如一句话能用主动语态来表达而用了被动语态，就算是绝对的错误。比如说“作业被我做完了”一定要说成“我把作业做完了”才对。只有当实在找不到主动者时才能用被动语态，如窗户破了但又不知道是谁打破的，才能说“窗户被打破了”。
这种考试中对主、被动语态的敏感区别，背后隐藏了一个重大的命题，那就是参加考试的人面对所发生的事情是用主动思维，还是用被动思维的区别。一个习惯于被动思维的人会不自觉地用被动的方式来回答问题，而一个拥有主动思维的人则时刻会考虑主动地解决问题。凡是拥有主动心态的人，都比较容易成为出色的管理者。所以GMAT考的不是纯粹的语法问题，而是在语法背后隐藏的一个人的心态问题。
有的人一辈子活得充满快乐、惊喜和收获，而有的人却活得平庸、无聊和失败。究其原因，主动拥抱生活和被动接受命运，是这两种人的分水岭。
⏣ 被动语态课件 ⏣
被动语态是英语语法中的一种重要句式，通过此结构可以很清楚地表达出动作的承受者与动作执行者的关系。本篇文章将详细介绍被动语态的使用规则、构成形式以及常见注意事项。
I. 被动语态的基本概念
被动语态是在英语句子中用来表达动作的承受者而非执行者的一种语法形式。在被动语态中，句子的主语成为动作的接收者，而动词的形式则以过去分词的形式出现。
II. 被动语态的构成形式
被动语态的构成形式包括：
1. 一般现在时：am/is/are + 过去分词
2. 一般过去时：was/were + 过去分词
3. 一般将来时：will be + 过去分词
4. 现在进行时：am/is/are being + 过去分词
5. 过去进行时：was/were being + 过去分词
III. 被动语态的使用规则
被动语态有以下几个使用规则：
1. 动作执行者未知或不重要：当并不关心或并不知道动作的执行者是谁时，可以使用被动语态来改写句子。例如，"The car was stolen last night."（昨晚车被偷了。）
2. 动作的接收者重要：当想要强调动作的接收者时，可以使用被动语态。例如，"The cake was made by my grandmother."（蛋糕是我奶奶做的。）
3. 逻辑主语与动作执行者不同：当逻辑主语与动作执行者不同的时候，需要使用被动语态来表达这种关系。例如，"The book was written by a famous author."（这本书是由一位著名作家写的。）
4. 不知道或无需提及动作的执行者：当不知道或者无需提及动作的执行者时，可以使用被动语态。例如，"The house was built in 1920."（这座房子建于1920年。）
IV. 被动语态的常见注意事项
在使用被动语态时，需要注意以下几点：
1. 时态的改变：根据句子的时态，被动语态中助动词的形式也要相应改变。
2. 省略动作执行者：在被动语态中，通常可以省略动作的执行者。但如果有需要强调动作执行者的情况，则可以使用"by"加上动作执行者来明确指出。
3. 原句的主语成为被动语态中的宾语：在被动语态中，原句中的主语将成为被动语态中的宾语。
4. 句子结构的变化：根据句子的结构，被动语态的动词形式需发生相应的变化，例如：及物动词变为不及物动词，主动形式变为被动形式等。
：
被动语态是英语语法中的一个重要结构，通过使用被动语态，可以准确地表达出动作的承受者和动作执行者之间的关系。熟练掌握被动语态的使用规则和构成形式，对于英语学习者来说是非常重要的。通过不断的练习和实践，可以更好地运用被动语态来表达自己的观点，使的句子更加生动有力。
⏣ 被动语态课件 ⏣
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. ____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
A. It was we being late B. It was our being late
C. It was we were too late D. It was because we were late
【陷阱】此题容易误选D，认为强调的是原因状语从句 because we were late.
【分析】但实际上，此题的答案为B，强调的是句子主语 our being late，此题若还原成非强调句，即为：
Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
注意，强调句的一个显著特点是，若去掉强调结构 it is … that…，句子仍然成立；换句话说，该结构中的 that 不能充当句子成分。
2. “How was ______ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace？” “Totally by chance.”
【陷阱】几个干扰项均可能误选。
【分析】答案选A，为强调句的特殊疑问句形式，其相应的陈述句形式为：
It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace.
比较以下各题，它们也属强调句的特殊疑问句形式：
（1） Who was it _____ saved the drowning girl？
答案选C，被强调成分为 who，该句实为类似 It was Tom that saved the drowning girl. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式（即对其中的Tom 提问而得）。
（2） What is it _____ his daughter needs most？
答案选C，被强调成分为 what，该句实为类似 It is a bike that his daughter needs most. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式（即对其中的a bike 提问而得）。
3. _____ was very ______ that little Jim wrote the letter.
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，但最有可能误选的可能是A，认为这是一个普通的系表结构，即认为第二空要填形容词作表语。
【分析】其实，此题是一个强调句，其非强调形式为 Little Jim wrote the letter very carefully. 若用 it is … that… 的强调句式强调其中的状语 very carefully 即为上面一题的题干，所以答案应选B.请看下面几例，也属强调结构：
（1） It was when she was about to go to bed ______ the telephone rang.
答案选C，被强调成分为 when she was about to go to bed 这一时间状语从句。
（2） It may have been at Christmas _____ John gave Mary a handbag.
A. before B. who C. that D. when
答案选C，被强调成分为 at Christmas，其中的动词 be 采用了 may have been 这一较为复杂的形式。
4. “Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday？” “It was in the hall ______ the students often have a meeting.”
【陷阱】很可能误选C，认为这是一个强调句，强调地点状语 in the hall.
【分析】假若选C，即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting，该句的意思是“学生们通常是在大厅开会”，单独看这一句，无论是其意思还是其语法均未错，但若将其与上文联系起来看，则不通，因为上文的意思是“你是在哪儿找到昨天作报告的那位教授的？”假若将答句改为 It was in the hall that I found the professor，则完全可以。
其实，此题的最佳答案是A，where the students often have a meeting 为定语从句，用以修饰其前的名词 the hall，句意为“是在学生们经常开会的那个大厅（找到教授的）”，这样语意就通顺了。
5. It was what he meant rather than what he said ______ annoyed me.
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】此题为一个强调句型，空格处应填 that （即选D），被强调成分为 what he meant rather than what he said.句意为“让我生气的不是他说的话，而是他话中的意思”。请再看两例：
（1） It was his nervousness in the interview ______ probably lost him the job.
A. which B. since C. that D. what
答案选C，为强调句型，被强调成分为 his nervousness in the interview，句意为“很可能是面试时表现出紧张，使他失去了这份工作”。
（2） It is the ability to do the job ______ matters not where you come from or what you are.
答案选B，为强调句型，被强调成分为 the ability to do the job，句意为“重要的是你做工作的能力，而不是你来自何地或你是从事什么工作的”。
6. It was in the small house ______ was built with stones by his father ______ he spent his childhood.
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是分不清为强调句型，或即使分清为强调句型，也分不清强调哪一个成分。
【分析】答案选A，第一空填 which，用以引导定语从句；第二空填that，为强调句的结构词，被强调部分为 in the small house （以及修饰它的定语从句 which was built with stones by his father）。此题难就难在强调句型中套用了定语从句。请再看类似例子：
（1） It was the boy _____ had been in prison _____ stole the money.
此题答案选C，全句为强调句，被强调成分是 the boy （以及修饰它的定语从句who had been in prison）。
（2） It was just in the room _____ he was born _____ he died.
此题答案选C，全句为强调句，被强调成分是 in this room，where he was born 为修饰 the room 的定语从句。
7. Was it five o’clock ______the fire broke out？
【陷阱】容易误选B，误认为这是强调句。
【分析】其实，此题应选A，这不是强调句。因为在强调句中，若去掉强调句的结构词 it is …that…，句子结构仍然完整，但此句不是这样，若去掉结构词，即为 Five o’clock the fire broke out，句子不完整，但若在five o’clock前加上介词at则可以，因为 at five o’clock 用作时间状语。此题选A可分析为：it 表时间，when the fire broke out 为时间状语从句，全句意为“火灾是5点钟发生的吗？”比较下面一题（答案选B，为强调句）：
Was it at five o’clock ______the fire broke out？
8. “Was it under the tree _____ you were away talking to a friend？” “Sure. But when I got back there, the bike was gone.
【陷阱】此题很容易误选A，认为这是强调句型。
【分析】其实此题应选D.做好此题的关键是正确理解上下文的语境。在此句中，it 是代词，指代 the bike，句意为：“当你离开去同朋友谈话的时候，你的自行车是在这树下吗？”“当然，但当我回来时，自行车就不见了。”现在反过来分析一下，假若选A，将此句判为强调句，句子即为 Was it under the tree that you were away talking to a friend？ 若进一步转换为非强调句，句子则为 Under the tree while you were talking to a friend，句意显然很荒唐。
9. It’s more than half a century _____ my grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people.
【陷阱】容易误选B，认为这是强调句型。
【分析】假若选B，将此句分析为强调句，那么若将此句还原为非强调句就应该是My grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people more than half a century. 很显然, 句中的 more than half a century 是一段时间，然而它修饰的谓语动词 joined…became 却是两个终止性动词，这显然不合适。其实，此题应选C，属于“It is＋一段时间＋since 从句”句型，句意为“我爷爷加入党组织成为人民的公仆已有半个多世纪了”。此句的主句谓语也可以用现在完成时态（has been），但在口语中多用一般现在时代替。
10. It was lack of money, not of effort, _____ defeated their plan.
【陷阱】容易误选A，受空格前逗号的影响，误认为这是一个非限制性定语从句，从而误选了A.
【分析】其实，此题最佳答案为C，整个句子为强调句，被强调成分为 lack of money, not of effort.由于句中插入 not of effort 这一结构，干扰了许多同学对 it was lack of money that defeated their plan 这一强调句的认识和理解。
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1.-Who are making so much noise in the garden？
-_______ the children.
2. It is _______ he often fails in exams ______ makes his parents worried about him.
3. It is the protection for the trees _______ really matters, rather than how many trees are planted.
4. It is _____ my father worked _____ I work now.
5. Was _____ that I saw last night at the concert？
6. It was ten o’clock _____ he came back home.
7. It was not until he came back _____ he knew the police were looking for him.
◆答案与解析◆
1. 选A.为强调句型 It is the children who are making so much noise 之省略。
2. 选C.为强调句型，被强调成分为主语从句 that he often fails in exams.
3. 选B.为强调句型，句意为“真正重要的在于保护树，而不在于种多少树”。
4. 选A，整个句子为 it was … that … 格式的强调句式，即第二空要填that；第一空填where，where my father worked 为地点状语从句，为强调句的被强调部分。句意为“我现在我父亲曾经工作过的地方工作”。
5. 选A，为强调句的一般疑问句形式，其相应陈述句为 It was you that I saw …。
6. 选A.when 表示“当……的时候”，句首的 it 表示时间，全句意为“当他回到家时，时间是10点钟。”
7. 选C.为 He didn’t know the police were looking for him until he came back 之强调形式。注意，not … until … 的强调句式通常为 It was not until … that … 的形式。
⏣ 被动语态课件 ⏣
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. When he realized the police had seen him， the man ______ the exit as quickly as possible.
【陷阱】容易误选A.
【分析】正确答案应选B.make for 意为“移向，走向”。最具干扰性的选项是A，因为make off 的意思是“匆匆逃走”。之所以不能选A，是因为 make off 不及物，其后不能接宾语；而 make for 是及物的，其后可以接宾语。另外两个选项的意思是：make out 指“勉强了解，开出（支票等），成功”；make up 指“弥补，虚构，整理，编辑，化妆”。
2. Now and then they would ______ our house and have a talk with us.
【陷阱】几个干扰项均容易误选。
【分析】答案应选B.drop in 意为“顺便走访，不预先通知的拜访”，为不及物动词，其后不接宾语，若要接宾语，遵循以下原则：表示拜访某人，后接介词on；表示拜访某地，后接介词at.call 表示“拜访”时也遵循以上原则，即 call at 后接地点，call on 后接人。
3. “Why didn’t you write？” “My ink has _______.”
【陷阱】几个干扰项均容易误选。
【分析】最佳答案为D.give out 有很多意思，如表示“分发，发出（气味、热等），发表，用尽，精疲力竭”等，此题取其“用尽”之义。选项A和B很具干扰性，它们均可表示“用完，用尽”，但是它们是及物的，其后应接宾语。假若将选项A改为been used up 也可以选。
4. I think your health will soon ______ if you have a holiday on the seaside.
【陷阱】几个干扰项均容易误选。
【分析】答案选B.pick up 的意思很多，其中一个用法是表示“恢复，改进，改善”。如：
The weather may pick up. 天气会好转的。
Business is picking up again. 生意又有所好转。
除此之处还可表示“拿起，捡起；收拾，整理；学会，获得；（用车）来接，去取；重新开始，继续；感染（疾病、坏习惯等）”等。
其他几个选项的意思分别为：give up 意为“放弃”；take up 意为“开始（学习或从事等），继续，占去，接纳，提出”；get up 意为“起床”。
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. To our surprise the stranger _____ to be an old friend of my mother’s.
2. All the girls swam in the lake except two， who _____ halfway.
3. If the new arrangement doesn’t _____， we’ll go back to the old one.
4. “Have great changes taken place in your village？” “Yes， A new school was ______ in the village last year.”
5. I had to ______ because someone else wanted to use the phone.
6. Elephants would ______ if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wished.
7. My study of biology has ___C___ much of my spare time， but it has given me a great deal of enjoyment.
8. The plan ___ just because people were unwilling to co-operate（合作）。
9. The government has _______ the parents to work with teachers in the education of their children.
10. John has put on so much weight recently that his mother has to ______ all his trousers to his measure.
11. I can ______ some noise while I’m studying， but I can’t stand very loud noise.
C. have effect on D. keep away from
12. The mother often tells her son to be a good boy， warning him to ______ trouble.
C. break away from D. get rid of
13. To my surprise， the manager ______ 30 dollars from my salary without any good reason.
14. Steven has a lot of work to _______ in the office since he has been away for quite a few days.
15. Although Jane agrees with me on most points， there was one on which she was unwilling to _______.
16. You should ______ what your parents expect of you.
17. I can hardly believe my eyes. What a poor composition you have _______. There are so many wrong spellings in it.
18. “Why don’t we go for a picnic this weekend？” “Good idea！ I would ______ the car and you’ll prepare the food.”
19. How I wish that I could ______ my ideas in simple and wonderful English when chatting on the net.
20. Some kinds of animals can _______ the colour of their surroundings.
◆答案与解析◆
1. 选A.turn out 意为“结果是，原来是”等；turn up 意为“找到， 发现，出现，开大音量”等；set out 意为“开始，出发，陈述”等；set up 意为“设立，竖立，架起，升起，创（纪录），提出”等。
2. 选B.give up 意为“放弃”；give out 意为“分发，发出（气味、热等），发表，用尽，精疲力竭”；give away意为“送掉，分发，放弃，泄露，出卖”；give off 意为“发出（蒸汽、光等），长出（枝、杈等）”。
3. 选 out 在此表示“有预期结果”；work over 意为“调查，重做”；work up 意为“逐步建立，逐步发展”；work in 意为“配合，引进”。
4. 选B.set up 意为“建立”；hold up 意为“举起，支撑，继续下去，阻挡，拦截”；send up 意为“发出，射出，长出，使上升”；bring up 意为“教育，培养，提出”。
5. 选C.give up 指“放弃”，put up 指“举起，架起，修建，张贴”等，hang up 指“挂断（电话）”，ring up 指“给某人打电话”。
6. 选B.die away 指“（声音、风、光线等）渐息，渐弱”；die down 指“（慢慢）熄灭，平静下来”；die off 指“一个一个地死去”；die out 指“（家族、种族、习俗、观念等）灭绝，绝迹”。
7. 选C.take up 意为“开始（学习或从事等），继续，占去，接纳，提出”；take off意为“脱下，起飞，打折，请假”；take away 意为“取走”；take down 意为“写下，拆下”。
8. 选A.break down意为“中止，毁掉，压倒，停顿，倒塌”；pull down 意为“摧毁，推翻，使降低，使身体变差”；turn down 意为“拒绝，关小音量，减弱，降低”；put down 意为“放下，拒绝，镇压，削减，记下”。
9. 选B.call for 意为“要求，提倡”；ask for 意为“请求，索要”；look for 意为“寻找”；pay for 意为“为……付钱”。
10. 选A.let out 意为“放掉，泄露，放大，出租”；give away 意为“送掉，分发，放弃，泄露， 出卖，让步”；bring in 意为“生产， 挣得，介绍引进”；make up 意为“弥补，虚构，缝制，整理，和解，编辑，化妆”。
11. 选A.put up with 意为“忍受，容忍”；get rid of 意为“摆脱，消除，去掉”；have effect on 意为“对……有影响”；keep away from意为“远离，不接近”。
12. 选B.hold back from 意为“向……隐瞒”；keep out of 意为“使在……之外”；break away from 意为“脱离”；get rid of 意为“摆脱，消除，去掉”。
13. 选D.keep back 意为“扣下，留下，阻挡，隐瞒”；hold up意为“举起，支撑”；bring down 意为“打倒，击落，打死，降低”；cut off 意为“切断，断绝”。
14. 选B.make up 意为“弥补，虚构，整理，编辑，化妆”；take up 意为“拿起，开始从事，继续，吸收”；work out 意为“计算出，设计出，有预期结果”；carry out 意为“完成，实现，贯彻，执行”。
15. 选B.give in 意为“让步，屈服，上交”；give away 意为“分发，赠送，背弃，出卖，泄漏”； give off 意为“发出（光、热、声音、气味等）”；give out 意为“分发，散发，用完，耗尽，垮掉，失灵，出故障，发表，公布，发出（热、声音、信号等）”。
16. 选 up to 意为“实践，做到”；stand up to 意为“勇敢地抵抗”；look up to 意为“尊敬，仰望”；run up to 意为“达到，积累到”。
17. 选D.turn in 意为“上交，归还”；turn into 意为“进入，（使）变成”；turn to 意为“转向，变成，求助于，致力于”；turn off 意为“关掉，避开”。
18. 选C.see about 意为“查询，留意于”；look after和take careof均表示为“照顾，关心”；get down to 意为“开始认真考虑”。
19. 选A.set out 意为“陈述，陈列，出发，开始”；set off 意为“出发，动身”；set over 意为“移交，置于……上，指派……管理”；set up意为“设立，竖立，架起，升起，创（纪录），提出”。
20. 选A.take on 意为“披上，呈现，具有，雇用，接纳，流行”；dress up 意为“打扮，装饰，伪装”；put on 意为“穿上，把……放在上，装出，增加”；get into意为“进入，陷入，穿上”。
⏣ 被动语态课件 ⏣
为了便于理解，请看以下几个例子：
We are given a lot of homework to do.
我们有很多作业要做。
They were given a warm send-off.
他们受到热烈的欢送。
I think we are being followed.
我想有人在跟踪我们。
They told me that the case was being investigated.
他们告诉我案子正在调查。
The documents for which they were searching have been recovered.
他们找寻的文件已找到了。
He asked if Mary had been sent to hospital.
他问玛丽是否已被送进医院。
Check carefully, so any mistakes will be caught.
仔细检查一遍，把所有错误都找出来。
He knew he would be punished for it.
他知道他会为此受到惩罚。
⏣ 被动语态课件 ⏣
对于语态考查，多以单选、词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用被动语态的能力。一般情况下，会综合考查时态和语态，这时，要根据语境和动作发生的时间来确定时态，然后再确定语态。
典型例题：-Could you tell me whom the radio__________by? -Sorry. I have no idea.
A invents B invented C is invented D was invented
解析：题干的意思是“你能告诉我收音机是谁发明的吗?”，发明收音机是过去的事，所以用过去时，排除 A和C;而radio和invent 构成被动关系，应用被动语态，排除B
答案：D
⏣ 被动语态课件 ⏣
1、shouldacommabeused?这里应该用逗号吗?thebookneedn'tbereturnednow.书不必现在还。
2、Thisbookmustn'tbelenttotheothers.这本书不应该借给别人。
3、Someadvicewasgiventothestudents.
4、Teenagersshouldbeallowedtogooutwiththeirfriends.
5、这本书不应该借给别人。
6、Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy.杯子被那个男孩打破了。
7、这台机器用来做什么？
8、TheyweremadeinChina.
9、一般过去时例句Iboughtabookyesterday.变成被动语态是Abookwasboughtbymeyesterday.规则是宾语变成主语，然后用be+过去分词的形式，原来的主语变成宾语，前面加介词by
10、世界上许多人说英语。
11、Itisusedformakingcakes.
12、应该马上把她送进医院。
13、英语被动语态列句有：
14、这个工作做完了。
15、Weretheyusedforkeepingwarm?
16、Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.刀用来切东西。
17、Themeetingwasheldlastweek.会议上周就开了。
18、你是想问一般现在时呢，还是现在进行时的被动语态呢？
19、这件事应该是李明干吗？
20、它是用来制造糕饼的。
21、应该允许青少年和朋友外出。
22、Weretheyusedforkeepingwarm?它们是用来保温的吗？
23、Teapotsareusedfordrinking.
24、Englishisspokenbymanypeopleintheworld.
25、含有情态动词被动语态的结构为:情态动词+be+过去分词，情态动词被动语态例句:thebookcan'tbefound.那本书找不到。
26、Tablescanbemadeofstone.
27、Weshouldplantmanytreesonthemountains．
28、够了吗？？？
29、一些建议给了学生们。
30、TheyweremadeinChina.它们是中国制造的。
31、Englishcanbespokenbyhim.
32、ShoulditbedonebyLiMing?
33、它们是中国制造的吗？
34、Theworkhasbeendone.
35、桌子可由石头做成。
36、Englishisspokenbymanypeopleintheworld.世界上许多人说英语。
37、Teapotsareusedfordrinking.茶壶是饮水用的。
38、Wherewerethecarsmade?
39、Manytreesshouldbeplantedonthemountains．
40、Thestudentsweregivensomeadvicebytheteacher.由老师给了学生们一些建议。
41、Shemustbetakentothehospitalatonce.应该马上把她送进医院。
42、watermustn'tbewasted.水不能被浪费。
43、Whatisthemachineusedfor?
44、Thefloorwasswept.地板打扫了。
45、Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.
46、Theworkhasbeendone.这个工作做完了。
47、我们应该在山上种许多树。
48、孩子们应当被允许星期五晚上和朋友们一起去看电影。
49、Wherewerethecarsmade?这些小汽车是哪里制造的？
50、这些小汽车是哪里制造的？
51、Thestudentsweregivensomeadvicebytheteacher.
52、Englishcanbespokenbyhim.他会讲英语。
53、Appletreesaren'tplantedinthesouth.
54、应该在山上种许多树。
55、Someadvicewasgiventothestudents.一些建议给了学生们。
56、我先说说一般现在时吧，一般现在时的被动语态谓语部分是amisare加过去分词。例如，heisoftenseentohelptheoldpeople。现在进行时被动语态，谓语部分的构成是amisare加being加过去分词。例如，Anewbridgeisbeingbuiltinourhometown。
57、他会讲英语。
58、Itisusedformakingcakes.它是用来制造糕饼的。
59、AretheymadeinChina?
60、Themeetingwasheldlastweek.
61、它们是中国制造的。
62、Thisbookmustn'tbelenttotheothers.
63、AretheymadeinChina?它们是中国制造的吗？
64、Theletterwaswrittenbyhim.这封信是他写的。
65、会议上周就开了。
66、进行时Heisbeinghurtednow.Heisbeinghitnow.完成时Hehasbeenhurtedbythiscar.一般时Heishurtedbythiscar.Heisemployeedbythiscompany.将来时Hewillbeputintoprisontommorrow.情态动词的被动hecan'tbehurtedanymore.Hecan'tbeputintotheprison.
67、Wastepapershouldnotbethrownhere．
68、由老师给了学生们一些建议。
69、ThechildrenshouldbeallowedtogotothemovieswithfriendsonFridaynights.
70、Appletreesaren'tplantedinthesouth.苹果树不种在南方。
71、刀用来切东西。
72、它们是用来保温的吗？
73、Whatisthemachineusedfor?这台机器用来做什么？
74、Shemustbetakentothehospitalatonce.
75、废纸不应该扔在这里。
76、茶壶是饮水用的。
77、苹果树不种在南方。
⏣ 被动语态课件 ⏣
由“助动词be + 动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be 有时态、人称和数的变化。
(1) 一般现在时：am/is/are +过去分词。如：
Rice is grown in south China. 华南种植水稻。
(2) 一般过去时：was/were+过去分词。如：
The glass was broken yesterday. 这块玻璃是昨天打烂的。
(3) 现在进行时：am/is/are being +过去分词。如：
The project is being carried out. 这个计划正在执行中。
(4) 过去进行时：was/were/being +过去分词。如：
This road was being built this time last year. 这条路去年这个时候还在修建。
(5) 一般将来时：will be +过去分词。如：
The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 这些汽车将由水路运往国外。
(6) 过去将来时：would be +过去分词。如：
The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 经理说这个工程在年底前将会完成。
(7) 现在完成时：have/has been +过去分词。如：
This novel has been translated into several languages. 这本小说已被译成了几种语言。
(8) 过去完在时：had been +过去分词。如：
When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到达剧院时，发现票已卖完了。
⏣ 被动语态课件 ⏣
有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但改为被动结构后要加上“to”，这一点我们必须注意。
典型例题：The young man was often seen _____ by the lake.
A to draw B to drawing C draw D drew
解析：这是2007年济南的中考题。“看到某人做某事”为see sb.do sth.。句中动词原形是省略to的不定式，在被动语态中要还原to.
答案：A
上面的这些是网小编专门整理的被动语态知识点读书笔记精选4篇，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。
⏣ 被动语态课件 ⏣
A.适合被动语态的条件
1)不知道或无需说出谁是动作的执行者是谁时。
例如：The desk is made of wood.
这个桌子是木头做的
2)需要突出或强调动作的承受者时。
例如：A new library will be built in this small town.
这个小镇将兴建一个新图书馆
B.有两个宾语的句子的.被动语态
主动语态里有两个宾语时，句子会有两种被动语态的变化形式，当其中一个宾语作为被动语态的主语时，剩下的一个宾语保留在被动语态句子中的谓语后面，称为保留宾语。
例如：主动： The teacher told the students a funny story.
主语 间接宾语 直接宾语
被动1： The students were told a funny story (by the teacher).
(间宾)主语 谓语 保留宾语
被动2： A funny story was told (to) the students (by the teacher)
(直宾)主语 谓语 保留宾语
C.含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态
含有宾语补足语的主动语态的句子变为被动语态时，补足语的位置不变，但身份发生了变化，不再是宾补而变成了主补，宾补和主补的关系是同一个句子成分在不同语态中的不同身份。
例如：主动：We call him Xiao Li.
主 谓 宾 宾补
被动：He is called Xiao Li.
主 谓 主补
D.由情态动词构成的被动语态
被动语态中一旦出现情态动词则不再有时态的变化，只有一种形式了。
例如：Water can be(永远是原形) changed into ice.
. 主语 情态动词 谓语 状语
E.被动语态和过去分词做表语的系表结构之间的区别:
“be + 过去分词”可以是系表结构也可以是被动语态，两者的区别主要通过逻辑关系的差别体现。在系表结构中，表语(过去分词)说明主语的性质或状态，相当于形容词;在被动语态中过去分词和主语有逻辑上的动宾关系。比较下面的例子:
He is interested in his job.(系表结构)
他对工作感兴趣
He is told to do this job. (被动语态)
他被告知去做这份工作。
F. 汉语和英语对主被动的判断标准不同，有的句子汉语用主动英语却要用被动。在使用英语的被动语态时要减少母语思维的干扰。比较下面的例子:
The film will be shown next week.
电影将在下周上映
⏣ 被动语态课件 ⏣
第一部分、一切从解题的需要出发来阅读文章一、理解文章的行文思路因为所有的文章都是来自现实生活,因此,作者的文章必定围绕着一个主题biomedical researches animal rights advocates;
作者通常会以引言或事例引出要议论的话题To paraphrase 18th -century statesman Edmund Burke, all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing;
然后作者必定要提出自己的`观点Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.
接下来作者会用举例等方法来论证自己的观点：
1.For example, a grandmotherly woman…
2.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way--in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology;
在文章的结尾处,作者还会提出解决问题的方法Much can be done.
不难看出,熟知文章的行文思路,对解答文章的主旨大意题、段落内的推理判断题以及作者的观点态度题都是极有帮助的。我们建议考生朋友们在做了一定量的历年真题之后,回过头来总结一下文章的结构特点,这对以后的阅读和解题都会大有裨益。
二、练成快速分清文章主次内容的本领一篇文章所包含的内容很多,而试题往往只考查其主要思想观点和部分细节内容,因此我们读了文章后面的阅读试题以后,一定确立这样一个意识,即,只关注和查找和试题有关的内容,只要能够回答问题,不必弄懂每一个细节。这种阅读方法的依据是,考研阅读当中的试题60%以上题型为细节题,解答这些试题,只要找到其在原文中的出处,就能够确定答案,不需要联系文章的其他内容。阅读文章当中常常有一些举例的地方,其所设涉及的人物往往有很长的定语,比如,Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that…George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that…对于这些细节,我们一般不用对人名后的限制说明部分太注意,重点是看这个人他/她有什么观点。
三、分清文章中的观点和事实细节区分事实和观点是阅读理解能力最为重要的一环。表明作者观点的句子一般为判断句,如,There are reasons to be optimistic. Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low level findings about factual errors…. I believe that the most important forces behind the massive wave are the same that underlie the globalization process…All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to customers.文章中事实细节往往带有更加明显的标志,如, For example, For instance, In America,还有一些数据等都是事实细节的标志。
第二部分、利用一切线索为解题服务一、文章中的连词和副词是解题的线索连词和副词是文章当中的重要连接手段,它们使文章的各种内容成为一个逻辑整体。需要大家注意的词有but, however, nevertheless, while, though, although, and, on one hand… on the other hand, consequently, as a result, consequently, thus等等。这些词表达着文章当中的并列、因果、转折等逻辑关系,往往是作者表明自己观点的依据。
二、文章中的例子和引用之处一般会出题现在最为常考的方式是问作者为什么要举某个例子或引用某人的话比如,The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that___;The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words to___。
三、文章中带有形容词比较级和最高级部分容易出题大家对the most, further, greater, longer, more complex等字词要高度敏感,这些地方往往是出题的地方。
四、文章当中的结构复杂句往往蕴涵着试题这类句子通常为,带有许多插入成分的复杂单句,带有很多附加成分的复合句,其中以定语从句为多。
总之,在PETS英语阅读的中后期,同学们应该以如何在考试当中获取高分为复习的中心任务,努力培养和提高自己的做题能力和技巧。充分意识到树立大阅读意识对考研阅读复习的促进作用,从大处着眼,在具体做题实践当中将各个小的技巧贯彻落实,这是一条捷径。
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